per عطاء الله رفیعی آتانی The Interdisciplinary Quarterly of Fundamental Researches on Humanities 2476-745x 2783-1418 2024-08 10 2 11 46 article m.a.mousavi@chmail.ir 1 Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute This This article examines the persistent failure of public financial management reforms in Iran, particularly the mandated transition to "Performance-Based Budgeting" (PBB). While conventional analyses focus on technical deficiencies or political resistance, this research argues that these are merely symptoms of a more deep-rooted pathology. The central question is: why and how are globally prevalent managerial tools like PBB, within the Iranian context, reduced to symbolic adoption (decoupling) and technical failure instead of genuine implementation? This research explains this phenomenon using a critical-analytical methodology and a hybrid theoretical framework that synthesizes Institutional Theory, the Political Economy of the Rentier State, and the Political-Economic Philosophy of the Islamic State. The core finding is that the reform's failure is rooted in an irreconcilable "paradigmatic conflict." Performance-Based Budgeting, as a product of a neoliberal worldview (centered on economic efficiency and market logic), exists in ontological tension with the normative and economic framework of the Islamic state (centered on justice, maslahat [public interest/expediency], and falah [collective welfare]). This conflict manifests itself through mechanisms such as symbolic adoption (decoupling) to gain legitimacy and bureaucratic resistance to preserve the de facto logic of resource distribution, thereby neutralizing reform efforts. Furthermore, moving beyond mere critique, this article proposes an alternative, indigenous, and normative model. This model, rooted in the Islamic concept of public resources as a "trust" (Amanah), adapts innovative tools like "Public Value Accounting" (PVA) and "Social Return on Investment" (SROI). By aligning them with key domains of public value based on Islamic principles, it suggests a pathway for systematically integrating "value" and maslahat into the public resource allocation process. http://frh.sccsr.ac.ir/article-1-615-en.pdf Performance-Based Budgeting (PBB) Paradigmatic Conflict Institutional Decoupling Rentier State Public Value Social Return on Investment (SROI) Trust (Amanah) Islamic Economics. per عطاء الله رفیعی آتانی The Interdisciplinary Quarterly of Fundamental Researches on Humanities 2476-745x 2783-1418 2024-08 10 2 47 84 article Sayed Ali Marashi sayedalimarashi@scu.ac.ir 1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. Personality theories are among the most significant frameworks in psychology. Within Islamic psychology, however, the position of a foundational personality theory remains vacant. Verse 29 of Surah al-Zumar, which contrasts the fragmented personality of the polytheist with the unified personality of the monotheist, can serve as the axis of such a theory. In the present article, this potential is examined, and with supporting evidence from other Qur’anic verses and narrations, the “Monotheistic Personality Theory” is formulated using content analysis and deductive theorizing. This theory possesses the capacity to explain psychopathology, psychological development, provide a framework for psychotherapy, and address major goals such as life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Its advantage over conventional psychological theories lies in its holistic and comprehensive nature, avoiding reductionism. It can also offer explanations and solutions for central constructs in other theories, such as inferiority complex, dependency, competitiveness, attention-seeking, psychological needs, search for meaning, striving for perfection, and choice. In the classification of personality theories, this theory is situated within the psychoanalytic tradition. The article also presents criticisms of the theory and provides responses to them. http://frh.sccsr.ac.ir/article-1-634-en.pdf Personality theory monotheism polytheism psychopathology psychological development psychotherapy. per عطاء الله رفیعی آتانی The Interdisciplinary Quarterly of Fundamental Researches on Humanities 2476-745x 2783-1418 2024-08 10 2 85 116 article Reza Delavari rdelavari2007@gmail.com 1 Toloue Mehr In today’s organizations, human resource management faces ethical, cultural, meaning-related, and cognitive challenges that go beyond purely technical and conventional managerial tools. These issues fundamentally influence employee behavior, managerial decision-making, and the quality of organizational interactions. The present study aims to clarify the role and function of philosophical counseling in organizations by employing conceptual analysis and library-based research methods, and by reviewing domestic and international literature, it offers a conceptual framework. The findings indicate that philosophical counselors, through analyzing underlying assumptions, clarifying values, engaging in fundamental questioning, and promoting organizational reflection, can reduce emotional, stereotypical, and biased decision-making, while strengthening critical, dialogical, and ethics-oriented thinking among managers and employees. This role includes facilitating ethical and cultural dialogues, evaluating the consequences of decisions, increasing transparency, reducing conflicts, and enhancing organizational accountability. Philosophical counseling, as an analytical and value-oriented tool, has the capacity to “hack organizational problems,” meaning that by identifying the conceptual, value-based, and meaning-related roots of issues, it enables the development of innovative and fundamental solutions. This approach allows managers to analyze problems more deeply and make more informed decisions, thereby fostering innovation, organizational learning, and improvement in human resource processes. Moreover, the application of philosophical counseling is not limited to large or complex organizations; it is also applicable and effective in educational institutions, schools, small organizations, and even clinical settings. This stems from the history of philosophical counseling in psychotherapy, where philosophers such as Achenbach, Marinoff, Cohen, and Schuster have demonstrated that philosophical analysis of beliefs, values, and reasoning can contribute to improved mental health, meaning-making, and ethical decision-making. Accordingly, this study shows that philosophical counseling, not only as a theoretical tool but also in practical terms, can contribute to enhancing the quality of decision-making, aligning employees with organizational goals, and promoting sustainable organizational development, thereby partially addressing the gap in the organizational literature regarding the practical application of this approach http://frh.sccsr.ac.ir/article-1-635-en.pdf Philosophical Counseling Human Resource Management Organizational Decision-Making Organizational Problem-Solving. per عطاء الله رفیعی آتانی The Interdisciplinary Quarterly of Fundamental Researches on Humanities 2476-745x 2783-1418 2024-08 10 2 117 138 article leila ramezan nia samakoosh60@gmail.com 1 mohamad sharifi m.sharifi@yazd.ac.ir 2 seiadghasem hoseini mirtaha1@yahoo.com 3 Yazd University The theory of "the interaction of the Quran with the culture of the time" is one of the fundamental topics in contemporary Quranic studies, which discusses the relationship between divine revelation and the historical and cultural context of the era of revelation. Orientalists, relying on humanistic epistemological foundations and the method of historical criticism, have considered the Quran to be a human and cultural text that was influenced by the religious and social environment of Saudi Arabia. In contrast, Muslim scholars, although they emphasize the necessity of paying attention to the historical and linguistic contexts of revelation, consider Quranic revelation to be a divine and transhistorical truth that, while interacting with culture, corrects and guides it. The present study, using an analytical-comparative method and based on the main sources of Orientalists and Muslim thinkers, examines the epistemological, ontological, and methodological foundations of the two movements. Finally, by comparative analysis of the two approaches, it is concluded that the main difference is in the definition of the nature of revelation and the role of culture in the process of revelation. Orientalists understand interaction as the influence of the Quran on culture, but Muslim scholars understand it as "the wise understanding of revelation in the context of culture." Finally, he proposes the theory of “directed interaction of revelation” as a framework for integrating and balancing the historicity of language and the transhistoricity of meaning. http://frh.sccsr.ac.ir/article-1-629-en.pdf Muslim thinkers directed interaction culture Quran revelation orientalists. per عطاء الله رفیعی آتانی The Interdisciplinary Quarterly of Fundamental Researches on Humanities 2476-745x 2783-1418 2024-08 10 2 139 166 article Seyyed Mohammad Hadi Moghadasi s.moghadasi@iki.ac.ir 1 Mahdi Omidi omidimah@gmail.com 2 Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute Anarchism is often known as a political theory, and native philosophers such as Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi have examined and evaluated it from the perspective of political assumptions. However, in the West, anarchism as a philosophical theory has certain assumptions and serious supporters. Although Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi has not investigated anarchism as a philosophical theory, his philosophical system has a special capacity to evaluate the theory of philosophical anarchism. In this article, which is written in the method of analysis and interpretation, philosophical anarchism is described and analyzed based on the two narratives of the maximalist "Robert Paul Wolf" and the minimal one of "John Simmons" and then it is evaluated based on the viewpoint of Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi. Philosophical anarchism proposes the conflict between "government authority" and "individual free will" and opposes any political authority and obligation by favoring the autonomy of humans. Based on the view of Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi, who justifies the moral obligation based on comparative necessity, it can be concluded that individual autonomy is compatible with external authority. In fact, Obligations based on their ends originate from prior free will. For this purpose, it is necessary to examine the relationship between moral obligation and political obligation from their point of view. Also, at the end of the article, Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi's point of view in evaluating philosophical anarchism is compared with the points of view of some western scholars. http://frh.sccsr.ac.ir/article-1-663-en.pdf Philosophical anarchism political obligation authority free will comparative necessity Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi. per عطاء الله رفیعی آتانی The Interdisciplinary Quarterly of Fundamental Researches on Humanities 2476-745x 2783-1418 2024-08 10 2 167 197 article Mohammad mobini shoorestani mobini.shoorestani@gmail.com 1 Seyed Hashem Mousavi h.mosavi@guilan.ac.ir 2 Mohamad amin Kanani kanani@guilan.ac.ir 3 Hadi Noori Hadinnoori@guilan.ac.ir 4 PhD candidate in Cultural Sociology, Social Science department, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Assistant Prof. Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Associate Prof. Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Associate Prof. Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. The precise use of qualitative research methods is one of the issues of Iranian research. The aim of this article is to apply Clifford Geertz's " thick description" and give it a methodological aspect. This research, relying on Geertz's interpretive theory of symbolism, will provide a methodological scheme to the qualitative researcher to use the fat description method correctly. In this research, the ambiguity in the definitions and theoretical view of this technique is removed and a general scheme of the methodology will be given to researchers in the main sections of "specifying the research field", "acquaintance with the natives and cultural immersion", "brief description", and finally, " thick description". This research shows that the qualitative research method of "fat description" is a type of scholarly writing that goes beyond description and observation and expresses the context, area, time, geography, factors surrounding the depth of history and everything that openly and secretly leads to the emergence of a specific behavior or event. Therefore, in this qualitative research method, the basis of analysis is a description that goes beyond the superficial and contemporary level. http://frh.sccsr.ac.ir/article-1-589-en.pdf Clifford Geertz thick description qualitative research interpretive theory of symbolism.