عطاء الله رفیعی آتانی The Interdisciplinary Quarterly of Fundamental Researches on Humanities 2476-745x 10 1 2024 5 1 A Revisit of the Gender of the Soul in the Light of the Thoughts of Sadr al-Mutalahin 15 44 FA Mohammad Javad Pashaei Shahed University Masod Noralizadeh Mianeji Shahed University Gender studies have always been of interest to thinkers, especially philosophers. Since these studies are considered interdisciplinary topics, examining them using philosophical foundations will also lead to careful consideration of other sciences related to this subject. This research, which aims to explore the types of gender of the human soul from the perspective of Sadra al-Mutalahin, is based on a qualitative approach, inspired by the descriptive analytical method and the techniques and tools of the documentary analysis method. The main question of the present article is how the gender of the soul is explained based on Mulla Sadra's thoughts. The research findings showed that: Gender, or biological sex, refers to the biological differences between men and women and includes their biological and physiological traits. Sadra al-Mutalahin, who considers it outside the nature of humans and animals in his ontology of gender, provides several arguments for rejecting the separation of masculinity and femininity. Another important principle of Sadra's in the discussions of psychology is the dignity or respect that the lower powers and their instruments have for the higher powers of the soul, which are considered as its shadow. Based on this, although masculinity and femininity in their conventional meaning (biological gender) gain meaning after the formation of the body; the truth of this attribute is rooted in a higher level and since the human soul was bound by these aspects and attributes in previous worlds, gender (non-biological gender) must also be emphasized for the soul in previous worlds.

عطاء الله رفیعی آتانی The Interdisciplinary Quarterly of Fundamental Researches on Humanities 2476-745x 10 1 2024 5 1 Epistemic-Foundational Rupture in Development Paradigms: A Comparative Analysis of the Western Development Paradigm and the Islamic Model of Progress 15 44 FA Omid Izanlu This study conceptualizes development paradigms as forms of social technology and argues that their long-term effectiveness depends on the coherence of an analytical chain consisting of “epistemic foundations,” “knowledge production,” “institutional prescriptions,” and “performance outcomes.” Using an analytical-comparative approach, the paper explores the roots of epistemic-foundational rupture within this chain in the Western development paradigm and contrasts it with the alternative capacities of the Islamic model of progress. The findings indicate that the structural vulnerabilities of the Western paradigm can be traced back to its epistemic framework, particularly secular humanism and individualism. The novelty of this research lies in presenting an explanatory model that demonstrates how specific epistemic foundations generate systemic crises, whereas the Islamic model of progress—through a logical derivation from monotheistic principles—possesses the capacity to design institutions with intrinsic structural resilience. By envisioning an alternative civilizational horizon, the study emphasizes the necessity of moving beyond superficial reforms toward a fundamental rethinking of governance foundations in order to achieve just and sustainable progress.

عطاء الله رفیعی آتانی The Interdisciplinary Quarterly of Fundamental Researches on Humanities 2476-745x 10 1 2024 5 1 The Enabling Components of Religious Comprehensiveness and Their Impact on Religious Science: A Case Study of Islam 45 64 FA Hamid Khodabakhshian Khansari Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute The discussion of the comprehensiveness of religion, and its demonstration for a particular faith, is among the foundational issues in the study of religion. It plays a decisive role in various religion-related domains such as the derivation of legal rulings, the design of cultural, social, and political systems based on religion, and the development of religious human sciences. Establishing the comprehensiveness of a religion is contingent upon first demonstrating its possibility, which in turn depends on the existence of certain characteristics in realms such as the origin, the content, and the language of religion. This study, by presenting a novel framework for analyzing the comprehensiveness of religion, employs rational and analytical methods to examine these characteristics in the aforementioned realms. By applying this framework to Islam, the study concludes that the comprehensiveness of this religion is possible. This particular perspective on comprehensiveness will have implications and outcomes for "religious science", some of which are pointed out in the final section of the paper.

عطاء الله رفیعی آتانی The Interdisciplinary Quarterly of Fundamental Researches on Humanities 2476-745x 10 1 2024 5 1 Criticism and examination of the nature of religious science (Case study: Criticism of definitions of Islamic economics) 65 92 FA Meysam Akbarzadeh Payam Noor University Naser Jahanian The religious nature of economics, as an important science in the field of social sciences, is a major concern for Muslims and their scholars. There is no doubt that jurisprudence, ethics, and the economic school have been accepted as religious sciences in seminary and university centers; but there are problems in accepting Islamic economics. It seems that there is no accurate understanding of Islamic economics that is based on correct religious and scientific foundations. Incomplete understandings have caused the seminary and the university to distance themselves from each other and undermine the unity of these two effective organizations to solve that major concern. To achieve a precise definition of Islamic economics, we first express and criticize the definitions of Islamic economics researchers based on (objective, subject, and method) and then we arrive at a definition that has the following characteristics: 1- The subject, ultimate objective, and method of Islamic economics are universal; 2- The universality of the method means that all Islamic and non-Islamic economic systems are analyzed with a qualitative and quantitative method based on the divine traditions of "aid" and "patience and communication". 3- Due to the qualitative differences in "general and specific aid", we may have less universal economic analyses (more localization of analyses).

عطاء الله رفیعی آتانی The Interdisciplinary Quarterly of Fundamental Researches on Humanities 2476-745x 10 1 2024 5 1 Criticism; A Way to Approach Truth Analysis Based on Critical Rationality 93 114 FA Sayyed Mohammad Taghi Movahhed Abtahi Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies In critical rationality, science is a set of falsifiable conjectures to solve a problem that have not yet been refuted. The criterion for measuring scientific theories is truth (correspondence with reality). In contrast, technology is a human-made product that aims to respond to non-cognitive needs or simplify the response to a cognitive need. In critical rationality, the progress of science and technology follows a single pattern. Scientific and technological activity begins with a problem. A solution is proposed to solve the problem. This solution is criticized and its problems are removed so that a scientific theory is closer to the truth or a more efficient technology is obtained. This article shows how criticism is transformed into truth in three ways. The main part of the article will address the issue of how the critique of soft and human technologies related to science, including the critique of institutions in charge of science, the critique of policies and programs governing the development of science, the critique of universities, and the critique of scientometric indicators, can lead us to the truth. Finally, it is pointed out that if we believe that the Western worldview is not realistic, we must accept that we cannot approach the truth through scientific activity within the framework of developed Western and secular institutions. As a result, we must prepare the ground for approaching the truth as much as possible through philosophical and ethical critique of soft technologies governing science.

عطاء الله رفیعی آتانی The Interdisciplinary Quarterly of Fundamental Researches on Humanities 2476-745x 10 1 2024 5 1 Explaining the process of Hekmi theorizing in the production of architectural science 115 134 FA Nasim Ashrafi Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University How to produce a Hekmi-Islamic theory in the science of architecture is one of the most important issues for the realization of the Islamic school of architecture; In other words, the realization of wise and Islamic architecture in the structures of society depends on the production of ruling theories and their management. However, the scattered research with different methodologies and sometimes without describing the method has weakened the possibility of producing a ruling school of architecture. In other words, the position of knowledge management in architectural science has been neglected by some experts; While it is possible to manage the production of a theorizing model in architecture, the individual will of the ruling flows to the collective will and ultimately the production of science; Therefore, the current research, based on the analytical-interpretive and discovery method, has tried to achieve the model of knowledge management in architecture by introducing the theory generation model. In this regard, It introduces the production of theory in architecture in five steps: thematics, activity and fieldology, philosophy, criticism, and production.